Spec Detail

p1 Paper 1 - Key Terms and Concepts

Duration 90 min · Marks 80 · Weighting 50.00 · Structure fixed_scenario_blocks_with_flexible_parts · Question count fixed 4 · Assembly fixed_scenario_blocks_with_flexible_parts

Patterns: 4

p2 Paper 2 - Managing and Marketing Destinations

Duration 120 min · Marks 80 · Weighting 50.00 · Structure fixed_scenario_blocks_with_flexible_parts · Question count fixed 4 · Assembly fixed_scenario_blocks_with_flexible_parts

Patterns: 4

1 Introduction to the main travel and tourism definitions and concepts

• 1.1 Main types of tourism 6 outcomes
  • 1.1.1 Define Domestic. p1, p2
  • 1.1.2 Define Inbound. p1, p2
  • 1.1.3 Define Outbound. p1, p2
  • 1.1.4 Define International. p1, p2
  • 1.1.5 Define Day trip. p1, p2
• 1.2 Main reasons why people travel 4 outcomes
  • 1.2.1 Define Leisure. p1, p2
  • 1.2.2 Define Business (MICE – Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions). p1, p2
  • 1.2.3 Define VFR – visiting friends and relatives. p1, p2
  • 1.2.4 Define Special interest, e.g. medical, religious, adventure, cultural, sports, health and wellbeing. p1, p2
• 1.3 Sustainable travel and tourism 4 outcomes
  • 1.3.1 Define Sustainability. p1, p2
  • 1.3.2 Analyse Sustainable travel and tourism. p1, p2
  • 1.3.3 Define Ecotourism. p1, p2
  • 1.3.4 Define Responsible tourism. p1, p2
• 1.4 Characteristics of travel and tourism 8 outcomes
  • 1.4.1 Define Products. p1, p2
  • 1.4.2 Define Services. p1, p2
  • 1.4.3 Define Intangible. p1, p2
  • 1.4.4 Define Perishable. p1, p2
  • 1.4.5 Define Seasonal. p1, p2
• 1.5 Types of tourists 11 outcomes
  • 1.5.1 Define Business. p1, p2
  • 1.5.2 Define Couples. p1, p2
  • 1.5.3 Define Ecotourists. p1, p2
  • 1.5.4 Define Families. p1, p2
  • 1.5.5 Define Groups. p1, p2
• 1.6 Types of destinations 5 outcomes
  • 1.6.1 Define Beach/coastal. p1, p2
  • 1.6.2 Define Island. p1, p2
  • 1.6.3 Define Resort, e.g. purpose-built, integrated, ski, eco. p1, p2
  • 1.6.4 Define Rural, e.g. countryside, mountains, lakes. p1, p2
  • 1.6.5 Define Urban, e.g. town, city. p1, p2

2 Global tourism

• 2.1 The scale of travel and tourism 10 outcomes
  • 2.1.1 Interpret Factors affecting tourism demand and how economic factors such as levels of disposable income and government investment are manage... p1, p2
  • 2.1.2 Interpret Factors affecting tourism demand and how social factors such as demographics, health awareness, social consciousness, fashion and... p1, p2
  • 2.1.3 Interpret Factors affecting tourism demand and how technological factors such as transport developments, information technology and social m... p1, p2
  • 2.1.4 Interpret Factors affecting tourism demand and how political factors such as terrorism, war, stability, security and imposed travel limitati... p1, p2
  • 2.1.5 Interpret Factors affecting tourism demand and how environmental factors such as environmental concern, sustainability, extreme weather and... p1, p2
• 2.2 Features of destinations and their appeal to different types of tourists 11 outcomes
  • 2.2.1 Define Location. p1, p2
  • 2.2.2 Define Weather and seasonal characteristics. p1, p2
  • 2.2.3 Define Topographical features. p1, p2
  • 2.2.4 Define Accessibility. p1, p2
  • 2.2.5 Define Travel and transport gateways and hubs. p1, p2
• 2.3 The role of organisations involved in development and management of destinations 17 outcomes
  • 2.3.1 Define National, regional and local government/ministries/local authorities involved. p1, p2
  • 2.3.2 Define National tourism organisations (NTOs). p1, p2
  • 2.3.3 Analyse Destination management companies (DMCs). p1, p2
  • 2.3.4 Define Non-government organisations (NGOs). p1, p2
  • 2.3.5 Define Tourist information centres (TICs). p1, p2
• 2.4 Factors affecting tourism development and management 10 outcomes
  • 2.4.1 Define Opportunities and constraints of the natural and built environment. p1, p2
  • 2.4.2 Define Sustainability, e.g. reduce, reuse, recycle. p1, p2
  • 2.4.3 Define Risks and resilience. p1, p2
  • 2.4.4 Define Carrying capacity. p1, p2
  • 2.4.5 Define Overtourism. p1, p2
• 2.5 Managing destinations sustainably 14 outcomes
  • 2.5.1 Define Protect the natural and built environment: maintaining biodiversity. p1, p2
  • 2.5.2 Define Protect the natural and built environment: preservation, conservation and regeneration of the environment. p1, p2
  • 2.5.3 Analyse Protect the natural and built environment: visitor numbers and behaviour management. p1, p2
  • 2.5.4 Define Protect the natural and built environment: using and reusing resources sustainably. p1, p2
  • 2.5.5 Define Protect the natural and built environment: limiting pollution. p1, p2
• 2.6 Economic, environmental and sociocultural impacts of travel and tourism 33 outcomes
  • 2.6.1 Analyse Positive economic impacts on national and local economy, e.g. GDP, tax, creation of wealth, improved standard of living. p1, p2
  • 2.6.2 Analyse Positive economic impacts: multiplier effect. p1, p2
  • 2.6.3 Analyse Positive economic impacts: employment. p1, p2
  • 2.6.4 Analyse Positive economic impacts: infrastructure development. p1, p2
  • 2.6.5 Analyse Negative economic impacts: inflation. p1, p2

3 Travel and tourism organisations

• 3.1 The role of tourism organisations, their sustainable practices, the products and services they provide and their appeal 16 outcomes
  • 3.1.1 Define Travel agents: types of travel agents, e.g. online, retail, specialist, business. p1, p2
  • 3.1.2 Define Travel agents: independent tours/packages. p1, p2
  • 3.1.3 Define Travel agents: ancillary services offered. p1, p2
  • 3.1.4 Define Tour operators: types of package holiday, e.g. all-inclusive, mass market, specialist, dynamic packages. p1, p2
  • 3.1.5 Define Tour operators: components of different holiday packages. p1, p2
• 3.2 Ways travel and tourism organisations work together 2 outcomes
  • 3.2.1 Analyse Interrelationships. p1, p2
  • 3.2.2 Analyse Interdependencies. p1, p2
• 3.3 Different types of transport and their appeal 4 outcomes
  • 3.3.1 Define Air, e.g. charter, scheduled, low cost/budget flights, long haul/short haul. p1, p2
  • 3.3.2 Define Water, e.g. ferry services, cruises, water taxis, gondolas, barges, canoes. p1, p2
  • 3.3.3 Define Rail, e.g. trains, trams, luxury train services, MRT/underground. p1, p2
  • 3.3.4 Define Road, e.g. car hire, taxis, luxury coach travel, buses, shuttle bus. p1, p2
• 3.4 Sustainable developments within travel and transport 4 outcomes
  • 3.4.1 Define Reduced/low emissions. p1, p2
  • 3.4.2 Define Carbon replacement schemes. p1, p2
  • 3.4.3 Define Alternative energy sources, e.g. electricity, solar power. p1, p2
  • 3.4.4 Analyse Sustainable travel choices, e.g. tourist choice of method of transport, domestic rather than international. p1, p2
• 3.5 Domestic and international travel and transport infrastructure 5 outcomes
  • 3.5.1 Define Interdependency of transport methods. p1, p2
  • 3.5.2 Define Local public transport provision, e.g. buses, rail, trams, taxis, MRTs. p1, p2
  • 3.5.3 Define Improving accessibility, e.g. express links, integrated rapid transit systems, contactless payments, apps, hub airports, transfers. p1, p2
  • 3.5.4 Analyse Increased sustainability, e.g. infrastructure developments, sustainable public transport and urban transit systems, dedicated cycle... p1, p2
  • 3.5.5 Define Alternative transport options, e.g. bicycle rental, electric scooter rental. p1, p2

4 Customer service

• 4.1 Importance of customer service 5 outcomes
  • 4.1.1 Define Service delivery in different travel and tourism organisations. p1
  • 4.1.2 Analyse Delivering customer service to different customer types. p1
  • 4.1.3 Analyse Customer service standards. p1
  • 4.1.4 Analyse Sustainability standards, e.g. paperless transactions, recommending local providers and sustainable options. p1
  • 4.1.5 Analyse Impacts of good and bad customer service. p1
• 4.2 Delivery of customer service 6 outcomes
  • 4.2.1 Define Procedures for handling complaints. p1
  • 4.2.2 Define Handling customer enquiries, e.g. directions, itineraries, information, recommendations. p1
  • 4.2.3 Define Making reservations. p1
  • 4.2.4 Define Taking payments. p1
  • 4.2.5 Define Customer care policies. p1
• 4.3 Provision of customer service for different types of tourists 5 outcomes
  • 4.3.1 Define Access. p1
  • 4.3.2 Define Information. p1
  • 4.3.3 Define Providing for tourists with specific needs, e.g. mobility, visual, hearing, dietary, language, cultural. p1
  • 4.3.4 Define Facilities, including sustainably managed facilities. p1
  • 4.3.5 Define Ancillary services. p1
• 4.4 Skills required when working in the travel and tourism industry 6 outcomes
  • 4.4.1 Analyse Types and importance of training, including in sustainable practices. p1
  • 4.4.2 Define Body language and personal presentation. p1
  • 4.4.3 Define Ability to speak other languages. p1
  • 4.4.4 Define Ability to address the needs of responsible tourists. p1
  • 4.4.5 Define Personal skills, e.g. clear speech, numeracy, literacy, ICT, communication, problem-solving. p1

5 Destination marketing

• 5.1 Importance of marketing to travel and tourism organisations 4 outcomes
  • 5.1.1 Define Increased sales/usage/profitability/market share/customer base. p2
  • 5.1.2 Define Competitive advantage. p2
  • 5.1.3 Analyse Positive image and reputation for sustainable practices. p2
  • 5.1.4 Define Customer satisfaction/brand loyalty/repeat business. p2
• 5.2 Factors affecting marketing 6 outcomes
  • 5.2.1 Define Target market. p2
  • 5.2.2 Define Appropriate timing. p2
  • 5.2.3 Define Consideration of costs. p2
  • 5.2.4 Define Use of brand image. p2
  • 5.2.5 Define Reputation, e.g. from industry awards. p2
• 5.3 Marketing mix 21 outcomes
  • 5.3.1 Analyse Product: products and services, including sustainable products and services. p2
  • 5.3.2 Define Product: product life cycle. p2
  • 5.3.3 Analyse Promotion: marketing campaigns. p2
  • 5.3.4 Define Promotion: web-based, social media, blogs, podcasts. p2
  • 5.3.5 Define Promotion: destination brand. p2
• 5.4 Market research and analysis 9 outcomes
  • 5.4.1 Interpret Types of market research: primary, e.g. questionnaires, surveys, interviews, focus groups. p2
  • 5.4.2 Interpret Types of market research: secondary, e.g. government reports, NTO statistics. p2
  • 5.4.3 Interpret Types of market research: qualitative/quantitative research methods. p2
  • 5.4.4 Interpret Market analysis tools: SWOT. p2
  • 5.4.5 Interpret Market analysis tools: PESTLE. p2
• 5.5 Market segmentation and targeting 8 outcomes
  • 5.5.1 Define Different market segments: geographic, e.g. locality, area or region, domestic tourists and inbound visitors. p2
  • 5.5.2 Define Different market segments: demographic, e.g. age, gender, ethnicity, levels of disposable income. p2
  • 5.5.3 Define Different market segments: psychographic (lifestyle), e.g. socio-economic factors, interests, morals/values and attitudes. p2
  • 5.5.4 Analyse Development of product/service mix: products, services and facilities. p2
  • 5.5.5 Analyse Development of product/service mix: relationship with market segments by type of customer. p2